Reluctantly, I must put my subjectivity in this paper to avoid the others looking for me as the enemy or the opposite side against the modern conventional medical world. Indeed, it is the time for the conventional medical world to make a scrutiny recheck to all of its knowledge about Ascorbic Acid and the vitamin C concept to get an intact understanding of Ascorbid through the all worldwide scientist research and findings. Then, at the first place, I invite the others to think about what would be happened if higher doses of Ascorbid in human body do not cause the gastrointestinal disturbances and what would be happened if the body accumulation of Ascorbid is much more than 2000 mg as the belief of the conventional medical world. Fortunately, I get help from Professor Drisko (2011) about the wise words from Albert Szent- Gyorgyi , one of the pioneers and a Nobel Laureate in invention of vitamin C. Szent-Gyorgyi messaged that discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking what no one else has thought. So, my subjectivity view comes from the new controversial invention side and at least, as a layman, it frees me from a scientific requirement in proposing the controversial opinions.
The controversial opinions do not come from my layman status as such the subjective articulation is not aimed for apologetic expression. Those controversial opinions are formed by some scientific patterns as: 1). directly from the worldwide scientist researches and findings; 2). axiomatically from literary theories; 3). inductive or deductive analyses; 4). prediction based on experimentation with my formula BA2C Transporter Phytomedicine. Therefore, for me, the literary works by the worldwide scientists (where I am so grateful so much to them) have a tsunami power to help me in explaining my concept as a whole and it is the heaven life concept. The tsunami direct power could ruin most of inhibitors while the reversal waves as the pro responses will empower my concept stronger.
I am not debating about the conclusion of Linus Pauling, the twice Nobel Laureate scientist where Ascorbic Acid is vitamin C (Fonorow,2006), but alas, I propose the heaven life concept in my books which we must free Ascorbic Acid ( I also propose “Ascorbid” as the new term and it’s shortened from “Ascorbic Acid” words) from vitamin C conception in getting the along life steady state healthy and longer life span. In the heaven life concept, curing with the Ascorbid will heal human body from all diseases including acnes which have disrupted many cute faces of youngsters caused by the effect of mutual relationship between this disease and the intervened treatments especially topical cosmetics. Whilst, I am taking off with other brilliant conclusion of Pauling.
English (2002) stated that in 1989 Linus Pauling announced a breakthrough in his work, “A Unified Theory of Human Cardiovascular Diseases”. Pauling insisted that the deposits of plaque seen in atherosclerosis were not the cause of heart disease, but were actually the result of our bodies trying to repair the damage caused by long term vitamin C deficiency. He also showed that the heart disease can be prevented or treated by taking vitamin C and other supplements. Describing the process of plaque formation, the Twice Nobel Laureatte recognized a similarity to underlying process seen in scurvy. Indeed, I catch up the idea from the deeper Pauling mind that he wanted to urge which scurvy is not the only one of lethal diseases caused by Ascorbid deficiency.
Brief History of Vitamin C
I do not blame on any party or I do not want any party feeling mistake, either when I declare that we must free Ascorbid from vitamin C conception. This is a very crucial thing to fix or transform the conventional concept, lest we just run around a vicious circle in debating about the efficacy of orally higher dose application of vitamin C as the jail of Ascorbid. It’s very clear in the heaven life concept that hormesis concept especially as xenobiotics will never be safe for human body in long term application. Xenobiotics as poison group is one of clearer main factors which causing the human health problems. Then, hormesis concept cannot go beyond the low dose applications. Higher dose applications especially oral intake will destroy all of hormesis theories if the doses are assumed to be safe. While in most cases of chronic lethal diseases, higher doses could not be avoided to get a faster process. Therefore, the heaven life concept is the best place to talk about the undose systems especially unlimited dose applications of Ascorbid in medication term on fixing the all human health problems. I will review a brief history of vitamin C concept to see and enhancing my argumentation that there is no one mistake or to blame on when the conventional concept fails to fix the human health problems generally.
Actually Ascorbid is natural product by living creatures so that its existence occurs since the first living creatures on the earth planet. So it is surprising if it is dangerous for the life (Hoffer,2008). As example, goats are known to manufacture approximately 13000 mg or 13 gram of Ascorbid per day when healthy and they can increase their production to 100000 mg or 0.1 kg daily when faced with illness, trauma or stress (Leger, 2008). If those quantities are converted to orange as example for mathematical calculation, where a piece of 100 gram orange contains around 50 mg Ascorbid. It equals to 260 pieces of orange in normal production for normal life and 2000 pieces of orange in maximal production by goat body for unhealthy conditions. Even, pharmaceutical industry produces it biotechnologically using microorganisms on initial stage of production process. On the next stages of production process, the producers start adding other chemical materials which the end product is classified as xenobiotics by toxicological view.
Scurvy disease is well known as the most severe level of Ascorbid deficiency on human body, since it causes death directly. Historically, before second half of the eighteenth century, most of long journey sailor deaths were not caused by the pirates, by the wars or by oceanic catastrophes but these deaths were caused by the deadly war against scurvy in their own bodies. On Vasco da Gama journey when sailing around the Cape of Good Hope in the fifteenth century, he lost 100 to 160 of his crews, they were killed by scurvy disease (Myers,2007). While in China, the use of antiscorbutic preventive dietary had been known since the Ming era (1368 – 1644) but a sailor expedition led by Admiral Zheng He (1371 – 1433) suffered from extremely heavy casualties and were finally discontinued (Delanghe, 2007). It seems that in the seventeenth century, the lethal case of scurvy had been known relating to Ascorbid. In 1621, Edward Winslow advised the sailors to bring lemons on their sailing journeys (Klenner,1953).
The first extensive study of scurvy was performed by the Scottish naval surgeon, James Lind in response to the high death rate of British sailors. In 1747 Lind discovered that sailors who consumed citrus fruit recovered from the scurvy disease. In 1907, two researchers Alex Holst and Theodore Frohlich succeeded identifying the Lind’s antiscorbutic substance. Between 1928 to 1933 research teams led by Albert Szent-Gyorgyi and Charles G, King isolated successfully the substance which called as hexuronic acid, another term for Ascorbic Acid. Szent-Gyorgyi worked with adrenal gland of bovine and King made it from lemons. It was the first time which Ascorbid is produced synthetically beyond the living creature bodies.. While in 1934, Norman Haworth and Edmund Hirst in England and Thadeus Reichstein in Poland succeeded in determining the structure and synthesis of Ascorbid as vitamin C. Szent-Gyorgyi and Haworth received the Nobel Prize for their achievement in 1937. While pharmaceutical industries using patented Reichstein process to produce vitamin C supplement synthetically as standard method since 1930s. This process starts with fermentation followed by chemical processes (Myers,2007).
During 1930’s – 1940’s as the Golden Age of vitamin discoveries, vitamins were looked upon as exciting nutrients which played an enormous role in treating disease and maintaining health. Unfortunately in 1950’s our medical schools dropped all vitamins from the curriculum on the false belief that the tiny amounts present in foods were adequate (McCracken, 2009).
After 1950’s, the scientists who interested in vitamin C like Fred R. Klenner, Linus Pauling, Hugh D. Riordan etc, endeavored to prove the relationship between vitamin C and all diseases especially lethal diseases within higher dose application. Indeed, good or bad, scurvy had motivated the scientists to discover the vitamin C successfully but vitamin C is not the same as Ascorbid because vitamin C is produced synthetically in hormesis concept of xenobiotics where higher doses never be safe for human. Those have become fundamental debate between scientists who trying to resolve the lethal diseases within higher doses application of vitamin C and the regulatory institutions which having strong argumentations from point of view of toxicology.
From a free of growing side because it is not related to both debating fortresses, the heaven life concept proposes undose application of Ascorbid. It is beyond the hormesis concept because the heaven life concept frees Ascorbid from the vitamin C jail. Within vitamin C jail, Ascorbid cannot perform all of its functions naturally and especially under natural system of human body which the whole system must be protected from any danger particularly from xenobiotics as poison group.
Functions of Ascorbid in Human Body
It’s well known that vegetables and fruits deposit Ascorbid as naturally accumulated compound with other substances by product of plants. As example, a piece of 100 gram fresh orange contains around 50 mg of Ascorbid. The compounded Ascorbid must be decomposed by catabolism process before it is absorbed by human body system. Under some certain conditions, Ascorbid could not be absorbed by body system maximally and especially when we feel pain in our stomach (diarrhea) after we consume large quantities of vegetables and fruits. Our body system wastes them as lose stool. This effect is looked like identic to vitamin C supplement when we consume it in higher doses but the regulatory institutions know the contents in vitamin C supplement is not the same as the contents of natural fruits or vegetables because the producers of vitamin C supplement give additive agents and other chemical substances which harmful on toxicological review.
As a chemical compound, Ascorbid has chemical structure as H6C8O6which identic to glucose. Its property is water soluble and transparent in its highest purity form and very reactive compound. In my experimentation, I found yellowish, light orange and brown colors when the Ascorbid solution is reversed to glucose with biotechnology help.
Ascorbid has antioxidant properties and plays an essential role in collagen synthesis beside antiscorbutic activity. Some tissues such as skin, gum, mucus membranes and bones contain a greater concentration of collagen. Ascorbic is also needed in the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and carnitine. The latter acts as an important energy transfer tool by taking fatty acid chains from the cytosol and transferring them to the mitochondrial for energy production (Leger, 2008).
Ascorbid plays an important role in the biosynthesis of collagen which represents about one quarter of the total body protein and the principal protein of skin, bones, teeth and connective tissues. Ascorbid is involved in the metabolism of cholesterol to bile acid. The Activities of several other enzymes are depended on Ascorbid including mono- and dioxygenases as carnitine, catecholamine, dopamine and for maximal activity of other hormones like oxytocin, vasopressin, cholecystokinin and tyrosine. Ascorbid is part of the antioxidant defence system, a complex network including endogenous and dietary antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes and repair mechanism, with mutual interaction and synergetic effects among the various components. It is able to regenerate urate, glutathione and beta carotene and alpha tocopherol. Ascorbid is readily scavenges reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species as well as singlet oxygen and hypochlorite, Ascorbic is considered to be involved in the maintenance of endothelial function possibly through its antioxidant effects. The reducing capacity of Ascorbid has also been implicated in enhancing gastrointestinal absorption of dietary non-haem iron (EFSA, 2013).
Ascorbid also functions in generation, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells (Pastor,2013). Proliferation of stem cells and collagen formation are crucial functions of Ascorbid in building the new well-functioned spare parts to replace the damages of cells and tissues on the associated organ relating to a disease.
Those functions of Ascorbid depend on body accumulation or body pool of Ascorbid and those cannot be managed by any intervention technically. I mean that scientists must understand in detail about enzymatically and non-enzymatically functions of Ascorbid. Body pool of Ascorbid is a stockpile of Ascorbid which cannot suddenly be substituted by a pool of serum vitamin C intravenously or a warehouse of vitamin C supplement on oral intake like in vitro biochemical reactions.
As example; Michael (2010) stated that high doses of vitamin C theoretically has pro-oxidant effect and it is most important in anti-cancer mechanism. But high doses of vitamin C administration would not work to inhibit a cancer growth. Pro-oxidant effect of Ascorbid is just like its antimicrobial effect, these are not a standalone function of Ascorbid. It is enzymatic function of Ascorbid which cannot be replaced by vitamin C administration as xenobiotics. Although the administration effect on a long term therapy might work luckily or by accident, but it is just a free target of treatment. Because these need some procedural tasks using Ascorbid like DNA correction, clean signal transduction, generating stem cells to proliferate and to differentiate and forming collagen. Ignoring the appropriate quantity of Ascorbid stockpile in patient body, the anti-cancer mechanism will not work successfully.
Even if the cancer patient consumes the larger quantity of vegetables and fruits which contain Ascorbid every day, it would not work effectively for medication treatment. Ascorbic will follow the digestion process before absorbed by body system. Some Ascorbid contents may lose into excretion channel. Anyway, as the matter of fact, both oral consumption of vitamin C or fruits and vegetables in large quantity cause gastrointestinal disturbances like stomach ache and lose stool.
While for antimicrobial property of Ascorbid, we must understand this as multitasking function effect because the direct effect mechanism must be confirmed clearly. There are some reasons for the confirmation especially, Ascorbid production is worked by microbial helps and on overripe stage of fruits and vegetables we can see and smell easily, the microbial works in decaying those fruits and vegetables. So, if Ascorbid has direct antimicrobial effect, the decaying process should be inhibited.
Therefore, the antimicrobial property of Ascorbid comes from the activities of Antioxidant Networks and other mutual function of Ascorbid with other systems in our body like the defense system, stem cells and collagen which build the new spare parts when damages occur on cells, tissues and organs. Clearly in human body, Ascorbid within collagen and the collagen itself keep the cellular integration in tissues against the infections attacks as the effect of pathogens or they prevent the infected cellular damages occur.
Lethal diseases, NCDs and human loses
As a lethal disease, scurvy has been known since 1500 B.C. While, in modern life, this disease still threatens the people with poor nutrient intakes. According to WHO (1999), outbreaks of scurvy often occur among refugees dependent on food aid as: Ethiopian refugees in Somalia (1982); in Sudan (1984, 1991), Somalia (1985), Ethiopia (1989), Nepal (1992) and Kenya (1994). In March 2002, there were reports of hemorrhagic fever outbreak in western Afghanistan. The later it was confirmed that the hemorrhagic symptoms and increased mortality were actually due to scurvy (Cheung,2003). And sooner, we will hear the recurrence report from refugees around Arabian territories which caused indirectly by uncivilized ISIS terrorist.
Leger (2008) classified scurvy into two stages. Early stages are often characterized by malaise, fatigue and lethargy. Inadequate intake of vitamin C in one to three months can lead to anemia, myalgia, bone pain, easy bruising, swelling, petechiae, perifollicular hemorrhages, corkscrew hairs, gum disease, poor wound healing, mood changes and depression. Late stages of scurvy are more severe and life threatening; common manifestation include generalized edema, severe jaundice, hemolysis, acute spontaneous bleeding, neuropathy, fever, convulsion and death.
Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the most lethal diseases on human. Those are cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including stroke and hypertension; chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD); cancers; diabetes and; mental diseases. While higher increasing of narcotic abuse, alcohol drink, drug uses especially overdoses, food additive agents, consumption of contaminated foods by pesticides or other antimicrobial agents will boost the liver and renal diseases into higher rank in NCDs. Some researches on severe vitamin C deficiency also showed: higher risk of myocardial infarction; peripheral arterial disease and severity of atherosclerosis; higher risk of dying from cancer; ischemic heart disease; and higher risk of death from stroke and from any cause (Lykkesfeldt, 2006).
In 2008 global deaths caused by NCDs were 36 million of total 57 million deaths caused by all diseases. 14.2 million deaths were at age between 30 – 69 years old. It comprised of 17 million deaths by cardiovascular diseases (including heart diseases, hypertension and stroke); 7.6 million deaths by chronic respiratory diseases (including COPD and asthma); 4.2 million deaths by cancer; 1.3 million deaths by diabetes (WHO,2012). In 2009 the deaths due to chronic diseases were 38 million (Choi,2012). While 34.5 million deaths in 2010 were caused by NCDs (Alleyne ,2013). Woman deaths caused by NCDs are around 18 million every year (Alliance,2012). Globally NCDs deaths are estimated to increase by 15% per year or it becomes 44 million in decade 2010 – 2020 following the population growth (WHO, 2010).
In the other side, Communicable Diseases (CDs) as microbial infections particularly caused by viruses enter the race of lethal disease competitions on human body circuit. Historically, CDs outbreaks had ever decreased a third of European population in the fourteenth century; a half of Japanese in the ninth century; even it destroyed Aztec and other Amerindian tribes in the sixteenth century. Many new outbreaks spread out faster through global transportation systems and the pressure of weather changes especially in the worst winter for subtropical areas. AI, Ebola, HIV, Swine Flu, Anthrax, MERS and reemerging infections like common influenza, malaria, DHF are those examples.
In 2010, 655,000 deaths caused by malaria where 86% were children under five years old (WHO-WHS,2012). Globally, in 2011 an estimated 2,5 million people were newly infected with HIV and joint to 34 million other people whom living with HIV (The World We Want,2013). 350,000 HIV-associated tuberculosis patients died in 2010 (WHO-WHS,2012). There is 30-fold increase in case of dengue in last 50 years and an estimated 2.5 billion people live in more than 100 endemic countries and areas around the world where dengue virus transmission can occur.
The reported rate of DHF infection is up to 50 million cases annually and out of these 0.5 million cases required hospital treatment. More than 22,000 deaths occur every year mainly in children and young adults . While no vaccine exists for dengue virus (Riaz,2011). The cumulative number of laboratory confirmed Ebola virus disease (EVD) cases was 3,345 and 22% was children. The number of confirmed deaths was 1,001 with 710 survivors per 22 October 2014 (UNICEF,2014).
Recently, global annual expenditure in health is US$ 5.3 trillion (WHO,2012). While, macroeconomic simulations regarding to accumulative productivity or output loss of NCDs over the next two decades are predicted around US$ 47 trillion. This loss reflects 75% of global GDP in 2010 (US$ 63 trillion) while the money is enough to eradicate two dollar daily family income of poverty among the 2.5 billion people for more than half a century! (Harvard,2011).
The global costs of cancer in 2010 which having 13.3 million new cases, were estimated US$ 290 billion. These costs were US$ 154 billion for medical costs; US$ 67 billion for non medical costs; and US$ 69 billion for income losses (Harvard,2011).
In 2010 the global costs of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including stroke were estimated around US$ 863 billion (at US$ 125 cost per patient). This estimation will increase around 22% to US$ 1,044 billion in 2030. Those costs were US$ 474 billion or 55% for direct healthcare cost and the remaining 45% or US$ 389 billion for productivity loss from time loss at work because of sickness. It is estimated that CVD costs could increase as high as US$ 20 trillion over two decades at US$ 3,000 cost per patient (Harvard,2011).
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) including lung diseases will rise from US$ 2.1 trillion in 2010 to US$ 4.8 trillion in 2030. The global costs of diabetes around US$ 500 billion in 2010 is projected to rise to at US$ 745 billion in 2030. Mental health condition costs of global economy was estimated around US$ 2.5 trillion, it will rise to US$ 6 trillion (Harvard,2011).
It is very clear from the analyses and data evidences that it is very difficult to find a country which succeed to handle the lethal diseases especially NCDs. In most emerging issues, the developing countries become a scapegoat as the most contributors for human deaths as the victims of NCDs. The truth is where there is none of the developed countries especially the worldwide leaders of drug producers which can handle those diseases successfully. Even, significance of statistical term is far away from the realities.
Really, most deaths of NCDs occurred in the developing countries, but it does not mean that the developed countries have succeeded to resolve it with having lower death. Indeed, the developed countries do not succeed to overcome the NCDs as well. Among the WHO regions, the European Region has the highest burden of NCDs and it is predicted around 8.6 million deaths in 2015 (WHO-Europe,2014). NCDs account for 86% of deaths and 77% of the disease burden among the countries of WHO European region. In the UK, NCDs are the leading cause of death and in 2008 there were 518,000 deaths from NCDs (Galbraith,2013). Germany has 91% NCDs of all deaths (Germany,2012). In US, the estimation accounted 87% NCDs of total death around 2.2 million people in 2008 (Zhang,2011). In Japan, NCDs are estimated to account for 79% of around 1.2 million total deaths; in France, NCDs are estimated to account for 87% of total deaths around 554,000 people. Singapore total deaths are 23,000 people and NCDs are estimated account for 76%. While in other countries, total deaths by NCDs are: China 87%, Indonesia 71%, India 60%, Republic of Korea 79% (WHO,2014). Those are compared to 63% NCDs of total worldwide deaths by all diseases.
The Drug Failures or Just Boasting Their Capabilities?
Medicine is now in crisis and the current medicine has two general problems. The first is the failure of access and universal coverage as a right for all citizens. The second is the failure of the current model of medical diagnosis and treatment to successfully address the chronic burden in our society (Hyman, 2004).
Indeed, with more than a billion of human deaths caused by all diseases and more than 100 trillion US Dollar of money losses as the sickness expenditure around two decades over the worldwide, it proves that drugs or medicines fail to resolve the human health problems. Drugs as the main medication of the modern world will have been being fallen into a critical point where the drug industries must endeavor to prove the boasting words as in the premises and promises on their promotion messages in resolving the all healthy problems of human. Those losses should be looked as the failure which can never be replaced by the emptiness promises of promotions.
That critic should not be looked as a provocation or confrontation attempt because particularly, the modern medical industries have casted aside many findings of worldwide scientist researches for along time about the harmful effects of drugs as xenobiotics. Even the modern medical world has empowered their strategic position through many health insurance programs and wider authoritative institutions to provoke a new placebo concept as if the people healthy will be guaranteed along their life. And even again, the insurance programs have been developed to cover the funeral costs of a death human caused by diseases.
Intentionally I take the issue in this review because my curiosity about the cause factor of lung cancer which ended the life of Lee Kuan Yew, the founding father of Singapore as well as the former of health minister in my country (Indonesia) some years ago, There is a big question in my mind. What is another way by medical world to run away and hiding the fact that drugs were the main cause of their lung cancers? Smoking is impossible. Occupational lung cancer is impossible, too because the health minister was a professor in medics.
Medical errors are a common consequence of using multiple medication or polypharmacy. Polypharmacy is the prescribing of multiple items to one individual. A Cochrane Review published in 2012 examined the evidence behind intervention to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people and concluded that polypharmacy is associated with negative health outcomes. The reason why prescribing polypharmacy may be problematic where the treatment are not evidence-based or the risk of harm from treatments is likely to outweigh benefit. These are caused by;1) the drug combination is hazardous because of interactions; 2) the overall demands of medicine –taking or “pill burden” are unacceptable to the patient; 3) these demands make it difficult to achieve clinically useful medication adherence (Duerden, 2013).
Tan (2014) referred non adherence to medication is considered as one of the largest drug related issues and according to WHO, it is a worldwide problem of striking magnitude. Poor medication adherence can cause negative health outcomes such as worsening disease it even death and also may result in increased health care cost. There are 33%- 66% of drug related hospital admission in US are because of poor medication adherence, along with a cost of about $ 100 billion a year.
Specifically in the US, Dr. Lucian L. Leape opened the Pandora’s box of medicine failure on “Error in Medicine” in 1994. On his paper, he estimated that in the entire US around 180,000 people die each year partly as result of iatrogenic injury (Null, 2004). Iatrogenic is an error which induced by physician’s words or therapy.
Further, around 100,000 patients still needlessly die every year in U.S hospitals and health-care settings-infected. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) estimated that medical error as 8th top killer wasted U.S $ 17 – 29 billion a year. The IOM defined medical error as the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended (error of execution) or the use of a wrong plan ( including failure to use a plan) to achieve an aim (error of planning). Specific types of medical error including the administration of treatment, failure to employ indicated tests and avoidable delays in treatment (Jewell, 2009).
So, unwisely most of medical errors are blamed on the physicians. Except for uncommon sense of treatment like removing a wrong tooth in Mr.Bean film, it is crueler than Hammurabi rule. About 4000 years ago, the Code of Hammurabi listed penalties for bad outcomes in surgery, as example, the surgeon lost his hand if the patient died (Mayer, 2010). In Hammurabi rule, the treatment package including medicines was united on the surgeon hands. While in modern world the medicines are just a separated part which is integrated into the treatment package. These medicines are not produced by the physicians. I mean that the responsible of medical errors also should be taken by the concerned medicine producers. If a patient dies as caused by medical error especially intravenous and oral medicines, it should mean that those medicines are always harmful with discarding the iatrogenic error. Even the regulators are involved in the responsibility as well on passing those dangerous products into the consumer market. Especially, when a tightly closed relation like donation or sponsorship on many programs and many celebration events between medicine producers and almost healthy and healthcare institutions including the regulators and the researchers of medicine and diseases could not be denied.
At least, the hormesis concept as the origin of drugs or medicines undoubtedly admits that medicines attack CYP450, the antioxidant in human liver which scavenging all toxins on the conjugation step to function those medicines. Then, the medicines also attack the normal cells along the way to the disease sites.
Therefore, the modern medical industries should prepare their own transformation to save the human life from all diseases in the real sense as well as in decreasing the mortality caused by all diseases.
Discussion toward argumentations that Scurvy is not the only oneof lethal diseases caused by deficiency of Ascorbid
As it is mentioned earlier, science is enhanced by axiomatic, inductive and deductive principles to find out the truth, even the human brain no needs to be taught in thinking analogically. A two year toddler will know where to go when we order him or her to sit down on one of three of four feet things as table, chair or a goat. I mean that the disability of human body in producing Ascorbid endogenously might not be the cause of lethal diseases directly. But the disability of human body in building the new parts to substitute the damaged DNA’s, cells and tissues especially on lethal diseases, is related to situation in which: when it is needed in the continuity of rebuilding mechanism, the endogenous Ascorbid stockpiles are not provided in, on and particularly at the time. At the time available should be the mean of Ascorbid deficiency in the scientist sense. To fix the problem, no one can say to the endogenous system, “Hey! I am the expert and this is our very excellent facility, here is what you want, I bought it from the patented pharmacy!”. Then, the expert measures the patented vitamin C materials which are wasted from the offered material and the remaining material is regarded as a useful material on the target. Then, the expert takes a conclusion about a causality claim whether the useful material works on the target or not.
Again, I mean that there is a different causality claim between antioxidant function of Ascorbid and rebuilding mechanism on cells and tissues. Antioxidant function of Ascorbid inhibits directly the progression of lethal diseases and other radical circumstances. These latters will deplete the Ascorbic stockpiles on its function as antioxidant. While, when it is needed to build new cells and tissues on the concerned organ as the continuity of rebuilding mechanism, the endogenous Ascorbid stockpiles are not provided at the time. Then, the rebuilding capacity as a function of Ascorbid fails to work well as example in collagen formation for new tissues and it results a local scurvy.
In mechanistic theories of causality said that C is a cause of D if there is a mechanism of the appropriate sort that links C to D. Mechanistic theories are divided into process theories and complex-system mechanism theories. Process theories take a mechanism to be a low level physical process and complex-system theories take mechanisms to consist of (typically high level) entities and activities organized in a particular way so as to produce some phenomenon of interest (Russo,2011).
The axiomatic, inductive and deductive principles empower us to develop argumentations that scurvy is not the only one of lethal diseases caused by deficiency of Ascorbid. It is not easy way to apply those principles and develop argumentations since many conclusions are still in debates among scientists. As example is what claimed by Pauling with his unified theory of human cardiovascular diseases. This theory is simply explained by fourteen the determining principles. Pauling stated that the deposits of plaque seen in atherosclerosis were not the cause of heart disease, but were actually the result of our bodies trying to repair the damage caused by long term vitamin C deficiency. He recognized that plaque formation had similarity underlying process as it’s seen in scurvy (English,2002). Or in other conclusion, Pauling and his team concluded that ascorbate deficiency is the precondition and common denominator of human cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Ascorbate deficiency is the result of the inability of man to synthesize ascorbate endogenously in combination with insufficient dietary intake (Rath,2006).
I believe that the conclusion as inductively argumentations by Pauling and his team could be received by other scientists. But as the matter of fact, in the real practical world the others debate the conclusion that ascorbate deficiency is the precondition and common denominator of human cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Around 17 million human deaths annually is the evidence. Unfortunately. this disagree inhibits the conclusion to be used for axiomatic and deductive argumentations. Subjectively for me, it seems as what I read on the internet when someone argued that Ebola infection could be cured by vitamin C, then a skeptic comment responded with “do it by yourself”! Then, Pauling and his team failed to ascend their conclusion into the truth proposition.
Actually, it is not too difficult to explain that the conclusion of Pauling and his team deserves for the truth proposition. Some approaches can be used to construct the argumentations. Health statuses will explore all ranges of human healthy from scurvy to the standardized level of healthy relating to the daily human body needs of Ascorbid where CVD is in the range. The standardized level of healthy is a healthy condition as referred by WHO (1948) that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (Hyman, 2004).
Collagen disruption approach on the CVD on set where it relates closely with Ascorbid function to synthesize collagen. particularly considering the all functions of Ascorbid and the involvement of disrupted collagen on all lethal diseases. Aging approach where general degradation of systemic functions occurs along the human body caused by slowly long term corrosion process will explain that the antioxidant networks in human body especially melatonin as a clearer example have been in lower production and response to give full protection against all lethal diseases. Ascorbid is involved in closed mutual relation with other endogenous antioxidants in human body especially with melatonin. Oxidative stress approach explains that human body is always lack of antioxidant capacity to neutralize all endogenous and exogenous oxidants or free radicals in biochemical reactions. Recent life style makes more accumulation of free radicals in our body to trigger all diseases. It will enforce liver as the toxin clearing house working harder as well as lungs which suffer from free radical attacks through airway. If those organs cannot handle their jobs well, they will pass many free radicals into the blood circulation and heart is the first opened target (and then kidneys) which suffering from the attacks of slipped off free radicals.
The last approach is through Ascorbid functions in human body as we mentioned earlier. Within all functions of Ascorbid, it fixes and keeps the healthy life of DNAs, stem cells, cells, tissues and organs. It should put these on danger when body accumulations of Ascorbid are lack. Long term of slower progression of the danger will move along the line of lethal disease progression at organ level in the sense of aging process. It should equal to the progression of Ascorbid lack where at the most severe level is scurvy on the concerned organ. As example, this should be an axiomatic proposition that the smoker needs more Ascorbid than the nonsmoker person. Can we agree with that axiom? Disagreed person could experience it with being a hard smoker. While, the Food and Nutrition Board (2000) recommended that the RDA for vitamin C for smokers be increased to 125 and 110 mg/day for men and women respectively, compared with those for nonsmoker of 90 and 75 mg/day (Lykkesfeldt, 2006).
So, if the smoker does not supply his body with extra Ascorbid than the nonsmoker person, His lungs will get disturbance because he is always cooking his lungs with fired smoke on his lips continuously. When the lungs get ripe, it means that the lungs have got older than the smoker person. The degraded lungs will not work completely to supply oxygen to all cells. So, higher oxygen demand of cells will enforce the heart to speed up the rate of oxygen supply or higher pulse rate of the heart and it will put the heart on danger as well. The cellular energy synthesis will be lower with lower oxygen supply along the lung disturbances and it means that the potential energy in the smoker body will be lower. If the lung disturbances progress, the system in the smoker body will try another way of energy synthesis caused by disturbance of the normal oxygen supply. That is anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration uses lipid and protein as the energy source and the energy synthesis will make the smoker thinner, faster. On the more severe level of lung disturbances, the smoker will be weaker and it affects the body power as a whole especially it also could cause the male smoker getting impotency on his sexual capability. So, the links among smoking habit, Ascorbid deficiency and the progression of lethal diseases could go to any conclusion.
In contrary, if the smoker supplies his body with extra Ascorbid than the nonsmoker person, The lung disturbances could be prevented especially when the disturbance occurs, the smoker stop smoking along the treatment on set. But, it never means that the smokers will be free from lethal diseases. It is true as an axiomatic proposition that the smokers need more Ascorbid as the antioxidant than the nonsmoker person just because of the smokers consume more free radical contents in the smoke. But, in the rebuilding mechanism as the most vital function of Ascorbid on healing the lethal diseases, we cannot use it as a proposition especially since the recommended doses are not the evidence-based treatment for this function.
Some researches on severe vitamin C deficiency also showed: higher risk of myocardial infarction; peripheral arterial disease and severity of atherosclerosis; higher risk of dying from cancer; ischemic heart disease; and higher risk of death from stroke and from any cause (Lykkesfeldt, 2006). Those predictions will also face the same problem where scientists cannot distinguish the different functions of Ascorbid and their consequences.
As I mentioned in my book (O’Seva, 2015a) that vitamin is in health maintenance concept, while as the consequence in reparation concept, we cannot break the vitamin rules. Vitamin C is the clear example. Lethal diseases are in the reparation concept where some replacements must be performed at the damaged sites to get well re-function systems in the wider sense. Therefore I declare to free Ascorbid from vitamin C concept. Further, I propose the heaven life concept where we can use undose quantity of Ascorbid to fight against all lethal diseases. The undose quantity of Ascorbid will be backed up by my formula, BA2C Transporter Phytomedicine which will prove that gastrointestinal disturbances as harmful megadose effect of Ascorbic intake are just a myth.
So, our discussion will end at the point where we cannot use missed argumentations or misinterpretation to explain that scurvy is not the only one of lethal diseases caused by deficiency of Ascorbid. The Ascorbid deficiency covers up some understanding. Those are: the disability of human body to produce Ascorbid endogenously; lack of Ascorbic intake from dietary source including supplement; the unavailability of appropriately Ascorbid in concerned endogenous systems when it is needed urgently at the time of many enzymatic processes especially collagen to rebuild the well function systems and to perform other functions of Ascorbid in and on human body. Those understandings bring us to a conclusion that Pauling was true. There is a similarity to underlying process seen in scurvy at the CVD. It also occurs to other lethal diseases as the failure of endogenous system particularly in rebuilding the well function systems and to perform other functions of Ascorbid caused by the Ascorbid deficiency.
So, freedom and live for Ascorbid!
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